SUPERCOOLING. Cooling below the temperature at which an equilibrium phase transformation can take place, without actually obtaining the transformation.
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SELECTIVE QUENCHING. Quenching only certain portions of an object.
TOTAL CARBON. The sum of the free and combined carbon (including carbon in solution) in a ferrous alloy.
SOAKING. Prolonged holding at a selected temperature to effect homogenization of structure or composition.
SPALLING. A chipping or flaking of a surface due to any kind of improper heat treatment or material dissociation.